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André Dang Van Nha
André Dang Van Nha (born Voh, New Caledonia, 27 July 1936) is a New Caledonian mining magnate, of Vietnamese origin and French/Australian/Vietnamese citizenship. He is best known for brokering a series of remarkable mining deals that also supported the Kanak cause for independence from France.
==Background==
André Dang was born in poverty to Nguyen Thi Binh, a Vietnamese woman who had left behind her three children in Phhuc Am in French Indochina, and was recruited as an indentured labourer by a mining company in 1935 to work on New Caledonia's nickel mines in and around the Koniambo complex, close to the town of Voh in the country's north. She was treated harshly like many of the Chân Dăng Vietnamese labourers imported to work the mines, and suffered greatly as one of few women. She met Dang Van Nha at the camp and André Dang was their child. Dang Van Nha died in an industrial accident in 1937 while constructing a wharf. Because they were not married, indeed married to others in Vietnam, Thi Binh received none of his pension, and was posted to even harsher labour on a chrome mine near Koumac where her son was cared for by other Vietnamese as she worked long days.〔Pitoiset, A. and C. Wéry. 2008. ''Mystère Dang''. Noumea: Le Rayon Vert.〕 This was unsustainable, and André Dang was then adopted by a Vietnamese couple of modest means and living in Nouméa. He gradually integrated into the predominant French culture of the city. At the age of 6, US Marines arrived in Nouméa after a major Pacific base was established by the Allies, and Dang was in frequent contact with them and learned English. He attended Sacré Cœur and then Frédéric Surleu public schools. In 1949 his mother finished her contract on the mines, moved to Nouméa, and he returned to live with her along with two new siblings. Working as a mechanic, he married Bui Thi En at the age of 18 and gained a diploma and a job at the Doniambo nickel smelter. They had 4 children. He was supported to undertake a degree in engineering in Marseilles in the late 1950s, where he also took French citizenship.
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